Objective To investigate the species composition of edible rodents and rodent-borne pathogens in some ethnic minority areas in Guizhou province, and to provide basic data for the prevention and control of rodents and rodent-borne diseases. Methods Edible rodents were preliminarily investigated through interviews with local ethnic minority people. Rodents were captured by the night trapping method in the mountainous forest areas of three counties and four towns in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong autonomous prefecture. Rodents were identified and dissected and the viscera were stored at -20 ℃ and transported to the laboratory. PCR was used to detect rodent-borne Leptospira, Hantavirus, and Yersinia pestis. Bacteria were isolated and identified from two intestinal samples. Results A total of 141 (20.74%) rodents were captured, which belonged to 2 families, 5 genera, and 10 species, and the most frequently consumed rodents were Berylmys bowersi and Niviventer coninga. Leptospira (positive rate, 13/48, 27.08%), Hantavirus type I (positive rate, 1/141, 0.71%), and Hantavirus type Ⅱ (positive rate, 18/141, 12.77%) were detected, while Y. pestis was absent (0/125). Four non-diarrheagenic bacterial species were isolated from the duodenum of B. bowersi, while two of the four bacterial strains isolated from N. coninga were diarrheagenic. Conclusion The dominant species of edible rodents in mountain forests are B. bowersi and N. coninga. These species are major hosts of Leptospira and Hantavirus and present a high risk of disease transmission. We suggest to strengthen the surveillance of rodents and rodent-borne diseases in this area, and pay attention to the publicity and education of rodent-borne diseases to reduce the risk of infection.

【Abstract】 Objective To study the influence of season, temperature and humidity to the seasonal fluctuation of Haemaphysalis bispinosa.  Methods Investigate 3 d in succession in the fixed sites per ten days monthly, the ticks were captured by the flag (90 cm×60 cm) at its active peak. The average quantity of ticks captured in successive 3 d per ten days was counted, and the temperature and humidity were recorded. The curve of average ticks number to time was drawn. Results The ticks captured belonged to H.bispinosa. Its density began to increase since April, and it had two population peak, one was in May and June, the other was in September and October.  After October, it decreased obviously, and its density was minimum in February and March. The activity peak of ticks was perhaps from May to June, and its propagation peak was from September to October. The curve of temperature change and the seasonal fluctuation of H.bispinosa was very similar, so the combination of humidity and temperature possibly affected the activity of H.bispinosa. Conclusion H.bispinosa could be active in the whole year, and the Summer and the Autumn were its activity peak.

Objective According to cases surveillance data of Japanese encephalitis(JE) from 2004 to 2005 in Guizhou province, understand the proportion of JE diagnosed cases to reported JE cases and master the epidemic status of JE to provide the science base for the control of JE case. Methods To analyze synthetically JE epidemic status based on epidemic situation surveillance management system, JE cases questionnaire, laboratory results and JE cases information of 2 surveillance counties. Results There were 1230 and 1038 cases in 2004 and 2005 respectively. The cases under 15 years old accounted for 96.58%(1188/1230) and 97.69% (1014/1038) respectively. The ratio of male to female was 1.58∶1 and 1.57∶1, respectively. The cases peak was in the 7-8 month, accounted for 78.21%(962/1230) and 79.09%(821/1038). The cases accounted for 88.36%(319/361) in two national surveillance counties. It was remarkable seasonal and highly dispersed for JE. The population with vaccine history was only 6.90%(26/377) and 8.86%(32/361). The positive rate of JE IgM antibody was 74.90%(188/251) and 71.74%(259/361) respectively. And it reached 71.88%(23/32) in surveillance counties. The JE cases reduced 15.61% in 2005 compared to that of 2004, and it decreased 39.47% in surveillance counties. Conclusion The diagnosed JE cases accounted for 71.88%-74.90% in Guizhou province. It should further strengthen JE surveillance system, enhance laboratory diagnosis technique so as to diagnize effectivly JE cases, and put the emphasis on the immunization of JE vaccine to the population of under 15 years old.

Objective To analyse prevalence trend of Japanese encephalitis(JE) in 1997-2004 in Guizhou province and to supply scientific gist for the prevention and Control strategy. Methods Analysis information was got from the epidemic surveillance and JE Cases Questionnaire. Results There were accumulative total 13 664 JE cases and 540 death cases. The annual average Morbidity and Mortality and fatality rate were 4.65/100 000 and 0.18/100 000 and 3.95%,respectively. Male to female was 1.48∶1. Children of decentralization resident population accounted for 67.54%( 9 228/ 13 664) and students were 23.06%( 3 151/ 13 664). Younger than 10 years old children case accounted for 88.00%( 12 024/ 13 664);Season distribution was from June to October and high peak period was from July to August. Conclusion The results showed that JE cases were mainly younger than 10 years old children in Guizhou province. The cases season were from June to October and high peak period lasted two months from July to August. The high risk prefectures were Zunyi and Bijie. There were so many cases with out vaccine history and unknown history during 1997-2004. The preventive strategies are to be that the health education and propaganda should be conducted. All-around control countermeasure such as preventive and destroying mosquitoes and JE vaccine immunization should be carried on to decrease the morbidity and mortality of JE in Guizhou province.

Objective Analyses epidemiological status of rabies and searches for the control countermeasure according to the rabies cases surveillance in Guizhou province in 2004.Methods Analyse synthetically information of epidemic situation surveillance administration system and rabies cases questionnaire form.Results Totally 206 rabies cases were reported in Guizhou province in 2004 and the morbidity was(0.53/100 000).Mortality was the same as morbidity.Among them,the rabies cases of Anlong county is account for the 65.67%((44/67)) of Qianxinan prefecture.Though there were rabies cases in the whole year,the peak was March and from July to October and the rabies cases from July to October amount for 46.12%((95/206).Proportion of male and female was 2.68∶1.The most cases were farmers and students which amount to 57.28% and 27.18% respectively.The high risk age was(10-44) years and amount to 66.5%.The youngest rabies case was 2 years old and the oldest was 76 years old.Conclusion Rabies cases mostly were farmers and students in Guizhou.The high peak season of rabies cases is summer and autumn.High risk prefecture is Qianxinan,Qiannan,Qiandongnan and Anshun city.Suggestion more works should be done according to "Administrating,Immunizing and Destroying" principle.Strengthen propaganda and health education,and let people realize the importance of injecting the rabies vaccine and immunize on one's own initiative.It will decline the rabies morbidity and mortality in Guizhou province and protect the health of people.